Prostitution and the Nordic model
A world without sex for sale
The model often referred to as "Swedish" or "Nordic" aims to ban prostitution. Its main instrument is the general criminalization of sex workers' clients, regardless of the conditions of sex work. Supporters of this approach emphasize that only the clients, not the sex workers, are punished, which is why it is also referred to as "punter punishment". Basically, it prohibits payment for sexual services rather than promoting fair pay.
In addition, this model criminalizes everyone involved in the prostitution environment, including renting places of employment and other intermediaries, as well as colleagues and private contacts. It leads to a deregulation of the prostitution sector, as the state no longer intervenes, and pushes the entire industry into the underground business.
Although countries such as Norway, Iceland, Northern Ireland, Ireland and France have banned the purchase of sex, Finland and Denmark have rejected this approach. Some experts argue that there is no "Nordic model" at all.
A strong anti-prostitution movement is calling for the sex purchase ban and refers to itself as "abolitionists", although the comparison with slavery is controversial. This group, often known in feminist discourse as "radical feminism", views prostitution as an act of violence and an expression of patriarchal oppression. Conservative forces are also interested in the "Nordic model" to promote a general ban on prostitution, as seen in Canada and in the EU Parliament.
The core problem is the idealistic desire for a world without sex for sale, without facing up to the negative consequences and practical implementation issues. The ban is often presented as a panacea, although such simple solutions rarely exist. Critics of the model are often defamed, which makes open, democratic dialog difficult.
Facts on prostitution and the ban on buying sex
Prostitution has only shifted, not decreased: Many advocates of the sex purchase ban claim that prostitution in Sweden has decreased, although estimates vary. The fact is that there are no exact figures, especially as prostitution often takes place in secret. There are also no comparative figures before 1999, so no clear conclusions can be drawn.
While street prostitution is less visible, this does not mean that it has decreased overall. It has merely shifted, for example to the internet. Customers are also moving to countries without such bans.
On the street, the decline in customers has led to increased competition among sex workers and thus to falling prices. This often forces them to take more risky actions. Customers expect more because they are taking a risk, which makes the situation more difficult for sex workers.
Escort prostitution, on the other hand, has increased in value. Some even report higher prices. This shows that the ban is not deterring customers or sex workers.
With regard to violence against prostitutes, there is a misunderstanding: just because they are not directly criminalized does not mean that they feel safer. Clients do not want to leave any traces, which leaves sex workers defenceless in the event of violence. Many victims are unable to press charges because they have no information about their attackers. This anonymity allows violent clients to act with impunity, which contributes to an increase in violence.
Finally, sex workers and victims of human trafficking are also affected by police violence. Migrant women are particularly vulnerable to such assaults. When such incidents occur in countries with low levels of police corruption, it is worrying to consider how the "Swedish model" is implemented in more corrupt countries.
Prostitutes are not "decriminalized"
In Sweden, prostitutes only receive support if they give up the profession for good and present themselves as victims. Other measures that could help prostitutes without quitting are considered to be encouraging prostitution. For example, condoms are seen as such a means of encouragement. In 2009, social workers were criticized for distributing condoms. However, it is often overlooked that refusing to use condoms is also harmful.
The attitude of many social workers is that they should not support prostitutes in their work. Important information and services in the health sector are missing. The "Nordic model" was also introduced in France, but here too, exit programs only reach a few sex workers.
Despite claims that prostitutes are not criminalized, this group is disadvantaged in many ways. Landlords who rent to prostitutes can be prosecuted for pimping. This leads to homelessness for many sex workers. Prostitutes can also be deprived of custody of their children. In 2013, a prostitute named Jasmin was murdered by her ex-husband, even though he was known for domestic violence.
Migrants involved in sex work can be deported. This contradicts the claim that prostitutes are not criminalized. In Norway and Sweden, the ban mainly affects migrants. In 2011, it became known that Sweden deports sex workers from other countries. The police often describe these migrants as a danger.
While EU citizens have the option to fight deportation and were successful in 2011 (thanks to the freedom of movement granted by the EU), non-EU citizens do not have this option. As a result, many are reluctant to report violence or assaults to the police for fear of being deported for immigration law violations. In Sweden, the general view is that foreign prostitutes should be deported. The Ombudsman for Justice has described prostitution as a "dishonest" way of life that is indicative of a criminal offense. In addition, a Swedish court has ruled that women of Asian origin can be prevented from entering a pub based on the assumption that they might be prostitutes. Under the pretext of combating prostitution, this not only legitimizes racism, but also discrimination against sex workers and women who are seen as potential prostitutes.
Sex workers and all relevant organizations against sex purchase ban
In countries that have introduced or are considering a sex purchase ban, sex workers and opponents of the ban are systematically kept out of the political decision-making process. They are often defamed by critics of the sex trade as "pimps" or "human traffickers" in order to undermine their credibility. In Sweden, many people react with disgust to the idea of referring to prostitution as "sex work", even though they claim to respect prostitutes.
The review of the law in Sweden has not yet produced any clear results. But there are indications that critical opinions are being suppressed in order to paint a positive picture of the law. Sex workers who are considered victims under the law have difficulty communicating their perspective. If they do not present themselves as victims, it is assumed that there is something wrong with them.
A survey showed that about 47% of Norwegians and 54% of Swedes also want to criminalize the sale of sex. This suggests that there is a real risk of full criminalization of prostitution, which could have a negative impact on sex workers. Despite advocacy campaigns for the ban, it is clear that the law is not leading to more respect for sex workers.
This attitude reflects the views of anti-prostitution activists. In order to eliminate prostitution, it must be socially frowned upon. Of course, this negative view also affects the sex workers themselves. Reducing prostitution through increased stigmatization and a sense of superiority over sex workers is neither desirable nor effective.
Harmful gender stereotypes
The "Swedish model" reinforces gender stereotypes in which men are seen as potential perpetrators and women as their victims. This perspective suggests that men are helplessly at the mercy of their urges, while women must be constantly protected from male desires. In this mindset, women are portrayed as vulnerable and in need of rescue by police officers or dedicated social workers, even against their own will.
Although it often remains unspoken, the argument often suggests that prostitutes are traumatized, for example by child abuse or other forms of sexual violence. While this is certainly true for some sex workers, it is problematic to generalize such assumptions. It is unethical to use individual traumas to call for a ban that harms sex workers.
Calls for a ban on prostitution based on the assumption that all sex workers have experienced sexual violence put them in an uncomfortable position. They have to speak out about an experience they may not have had. This pressure, especially from feminists, is another form of victimization and can be seen as disempowering.
The "Nordic model" severely limits reality by ignoring male and transsexual prostitutes. In particular, transsexual sex workers, who face other forms of discrimination, are not taken into account by this model.
Interestingly, in countries such as Sweden and Norway, although prostitution is not recognized as regular employment, sex workers are taxed on their earnings. The state thus benefits from prostitution in two ways: by penalizing clients and by taxing the income from sex work. Meanwhile, crimes against prostitutes often go unpunished. This seems to contradict the original intentions of the law.
Related articles
The incredible number: several million men in Germany's brothels - day after day
Find out in this blog post why several million men allegedly visit brothels, sauna clubs, erotic centers and swingers clubs in Germany every day. We shed light on the services on offer, the motives behind them and the moral discussions that arise as a result. We also take a look at the economic aspects and social consequences of this flourishing market. Let yourself be surprised by this exciting journey through a fascinating parallel universe.
Read now
Behind the scenes of sex work in Germany: Unexpected facts and figures
Unexpected facts and figures are waiting behind Germany's red curtains: Sex work is more multifaceted, closer to everyday life and more diverse than many believe. Take a look behind the scenes and discover an industry that is far more than just a taboo subject.
Read now
The intimate connection: sex work and the digital transformation
Digitalization has fundamentally changed sex work and opened up new horizons, from virtual display and discreet online bookings to interactive technologies such as VR and AI. At the same time, however, risks such as data misuse, cyberbullying and regulatory uncertainties are emerging that urgently require solutions. The future of digital intimacy therefore requires a balanced interplay of innovation, protection and social responsibility.
Read now
The future of intimacy: dolls and dolls in the bedroom
The future of intimacy is being redefined by advanced dolls and dolls that enable deeper emotional and physical connection thanks to realistic materials, personalizable features, artificial intelligence and robotics. These technologies are not only changing conventional notions of sexuality and partnership, but also raise complex ethical and social questions. A responsible approach and open dialog are crucial to balancing the opportunities and risks of these developments.
Read now
The 10 best cities for sex in Europe
Europe is not only a continent full of cultural treasures and historical monuments, but also a place where sexual diversity and freedom are celebrated in many ways. Some cities have particularly stood out as hotspots for erotic experiences and sexual practices.
Read now
HAPPY END: Intense pleasure: How to maximize your sexual 'happy ending'
The concept of the "happy ending" as a sexual practice refers to the climax or orgasm that serves as the crowning conclusion to a sexual encounter. This practice is particularly well known in erotic massage, where the focus is on relaxation and arousal and often concludes with a satisfying ending.
Read now
From straight to queer: a guide to sexual orientations
Sexual orientations and gender identities: Heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality, pansexuality, asexuality, demisexuality and queer.
Read now
The EM and prostitution
The upcoming European Football Championship (EC) in Germany will not only bring sporting highlights but also social and economic effects into the spotlight. The relationship between the European Championship and prostitution in particular offers interesting insights into economic opportunities and cultural exchange.
Read now
Sex work revolution in Belgium
The "Revolution of Sex Work in Belgium" describes the significant change in the recognition and treatment of sex work in Belgium. Through new laws and guidelines, sex workers are now recognized as socially insured employees. This gives them access to basic social benefits such as health insurance, unemployment benefits and pensions. In addition, protective measures are being introduced to ensure the safety and dignity of sex workers. These include the right to refuse clients and certain services, as well as the installation of emergency alarm systems in workspaces. These developments mark an important step towards fairer and more respectful treatment of sex workers in Belgium.
Read now
Tips for discreet / respectful brothel visits
Tips for discreet/respectful brothel visits - refer to behavioral guidelines and recommendations for people who wish to visit a brothel or similar place for sexual services. These tips are intended to ensure that interactions between clients and sex workers are respectful, discreet and consensual. The aim is to preserve the privacy and dignity of all parties involved and to ensure a positive experience for both parties.
Read now
Germany as Europe's brothel
The statement "Germany as the brothel of Europe" is a metaphorical term often used to refer to Germany's liberal attitude towards the sex industry and prostitution. It implies that Germany is a country that has a particularly open and tolerant attitude towards commercial sexual activity and is therefore considered a center or a main point of entry for those seeking to use or provide such services.
Read now
Popular sex toys for women and men
The topic of the popularity of sex toys among women and men is complex and fascinating, as it offers an insight into the diversity of human sexuality. Sex toys have seen a huge increase in acceptance and use in recent years, with people of different genders and sexual orientations openly talking about them and integrating them into their sex lives.
Read now
The world of prostitution: A look at legality worldwide
The world of prostitution is a complex and controversial reality that can be viewed in many different ways. Considering the legality of prostitution worldwide is not only a legal question, but also raises profound ethical, social and health issues, especially with regard to sexual practices.
Read now
Sex work and feminism. Diverse perspectives on prostitution
In the context of feminism, there are different views on how prostitution should be interpreted. Some feminists see prostitution as exploitation and oppression of women by men who exercise power and control over their bodies. On the other hand, there are feminist movements that emphasize women's autonomy and freedom of choice to sell their bodies for sexual services.
Read now
LGBTQ+ and prostitution / sex work
"LGBTQ+" stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer. The acronym has been expanded over the years to include other identities and experiences within the community, including intersex, asexual and many more. In terms of prostitution or sex work, the LGBTQ+ community can be affected in many ways.
Read now
Glory Holes. Controversial taboo subject?
Glory holes are holes or openings in walls through which sexual acts can take place between anonymous people. This article highlights different perspectives on the practice of "glory holes" with thoughts on discussions and challenges with this topic.
Read now
The seductive world of prostitution: a journey through history
In this blog article, we will take an in-depth look at the meaning of prostitution as the oldest trade in the world and highlight the many controversies and different perspectives.
Read now
Sex tourism: the chance to overcome prejudices and gain new perspectives
Sex tourism: a topic often associated with negative headlines and sad stories. But what if we change the perspective and look at the positive aspects of sex tourism?
Read now
Europe's hottest metropolises for paid sex: the top 10 cities you should know about
Discover the top 10 European cities for paid sex. Learn all about the legal and safe options for your erotic adventures.
Read now
Erotic massage - What you should pay attention to
An erotic massage, or Tantra massage, is soothing, it releases tension, relaxes and brings both partners closer, which are good conditions for a sensual pleasure.
Read now
Outdoorsex - Summer is coming!
Summer is approaching and many people are drawn to the outdoors. Some like a picnic or long walks, for others outdoor sex is at the top of the list.
Read now